Mataram kuno adalah kerajaan tertua di pulau dijawa. Didirikan oleh raja Sanjaya sekitar abad 8. Kerajaan itu menjadi mashur dan terkenal. Dimasa pemerintahannya, agama Hindu dan Budha berkembang sangat pesat dan kerukunan umat beragama terjalin. Raja Sanjaya mempunyai 2 putra. Rakai Pikatan dan Rakai Panangkaran.
Rakai Pikatan menganut agama Hindu sedangkan Rakai Panakaran menganut agama Budha. Meski begitu mereka hidup rukun bersaudara meski berbeda agama. Dalam perjalanan hidupnya, Rakai Pikatan memprakarsai pembangunan Candi Prambanan dan Rakai Panangkaran memprakarsai pembangunan Candi Borobudur. Dari perbedaan agama itu lahirlah dua Dynasty dalam kerajaan Mataram Kuno. Yaitu Dynasty Sanjaya yang beragama Hindu dan Dynasty Syailendra yang beragama Budha.
There is confusion between Hindu and Buddhist rulers in Java around that time. The Sailendras were known as ardent followers of Lord Buddha, though stone inscriptions found at Sojomerto suggest they may have been Hindus.[18] It was during this time that many Hindu and Buddhist monuments were built on the plains and mountain around the Kedu Plain. The Buddhist monuments, including Borobudur, were erected around the same time as the Hindu Shiva Prambanan temple compound. In 732 AD, the Shivaite King Sanjaya commissioned a Shivalinga sanctuary to be built on the Ukir hill, only 10 km (6.2 miles) east of Borobudur. (wikipedia)
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